yield
通过yield返回的是一个生成器,yield既可以产出值又可以生成值,yield可以用next()来启动生成器,同时可以用send向生成器传递值;在初次启动生成器时,需调用next()或send(None)来激活生成器,一个yield对应一个send或next(),当send或next()个数超过yield个数时,会抛出StopIteration
1 def gen_yield(): 2 value = yield 1 3 print(value) 4 value = yield 2 5 print(value) 6 value = yield 3 7 print(value) 8 return "end" 9 10 11 gen = gen_yield()12 13 print(next(gen))14 print(gen.send("a"))15 print(gen.send("b"))16 print(gen.send("c"))
next(gen)激活生成器yield 1,返回1,并将生成器挂起;gen.send("a")会将"a"传递给value = yield 1,此时value="a",打印出a,返回2,将生成器挂起;gen.send("b")将"b"传递给value = yield 2,此时value="b",打印"b"并返回3,将生成器挂起;gen.send("c")将"c"传递给value = yield 3,此时value="c",打印"c",由于后面没有生成器了,会抛出StopIteration异常。
1a2b3cTraceback (most recent call last): print(gen.send("c"))StopIteration: end
close()/throw() 关闭/暂停 生成器
1 def gen_yield(): 2 try: 3 yield "a" 4 except StopIteration: 5 pass 6 yield "b" 7 yield "c" 8 return "end" 9 10 11 gen = gen_yield()12 13 print(next(gen))14 gen.close()15 print(111)16 print(next(gen))
close()是关闭生成器,当生成器执行了close()方法后,即使做了异常处理,与yield相关的语句不会再执行。
throw()相当于中断、暂停生成器,通过throw()抛出异常后,当异常处理后生成器会执行下一个yield,下一个yield之后的上长期不再受throw()影响。
1 def gen_yield(): 2 try: 3 yield "a" 4 except Exception: 5 pass 6 yield "b" 7 yield "c" 8 return "end" 9 10 11 gen = gen_yield()12 13 print(next(gen))14 print(gen.throw(Exception))15 print(111)16 print(next(gen))
result:
ab111c
yield from
yield from类似于yield,但yield from后面必须接一个可迭代的对象,返回该迭代对象的iter,yield则直接返回接受的对象
def gen_yield(iterable): yield iterabledef gen_yield_from(iterable): yield from iterablefor value in gen_yield([1, 2, 3]): print("yield:{}".format(value))for value in gen_yield_from([1, 2, 3]): print("yield from:{}".format(value))
result: yield:[1, 2, 3]yield from:1yield from:2yield from:3
yield from会在调用方与子生成器之间建立双向通道,即yield from后可以接受一个生成器函数,调用方通过send可以直接传递数据给子生成器,同时yield from可以接受子生成器返回的数据
1 def gen_yield(): 2 """ 3 子生成器 4 :return: 5 """ 6 nums = [] 7 i = 1 8 while i < 4: 9 n = yield i10 print("receive {}".format(n))11 i += 112 nums.append(n)13 return nums14 15 16 def gen_yield_from():17 val = yield from gen_yield()18 return val19 20 21 gen_value_list = [100, 200, 300]22 # 调用方23 gen = gen_yield_from()24 # send(None) 激活生成器25 print("yield return {}".format(gen.send(None)))26 j = 027 while j < 3:28 try:29 print("yield return {}".format(gen.send(gen_value_list[j])))30 except StopIteration as e:31 print(e)32 j += 1
gen激活生成器后会通过send发送数据,数据会直接传递给子生成器gen_yield 执行结果
yield return 1receive 100yield return 2receive 200yield return 3receive 300[100, 200, 300]